ポスト量子アルゴリズム図鑑：100 種類超のアルゴリズムのサイズと速度
liboqs に含まれる 103 種類すべてのアルゴリズムを、NIST 標準から追加署名方式の選定ラウンドの候補まで収録しています。絞り込みやサイズ順の並べ替えを行い、アルゴリズムを選んで計測できます。ベンチマークでは、WebAssembly にコンパイルした liboqs をお使いのデバイス上のバックグラウンドワーカーで実行し、同じ方法で計測した ECDSA P-256、Ed25519、X25519 のいずれかと結果を比較します。
100% ローカル：アルゴリズムのコードは計測するときにだけこのサイトからダウンロードされ、ブラウザー内で実行されます。デバイスや結果に関する情報がどこかに送信されることはありません
liboqs 0.15.1 の 103 種類のアルゴリズム（鍵カプセル化メカニズム 38 種類、署名方式 65 種類、全 15 ファミリー）。
ML-KEM-768
従来型アルゴリズムとのサイズ比較
| アルゴリズム | 公開鍵 |
|---|---|
| ML-KEM-768 | 1,184 B |
| X25519 | 32 B |
| アルゴリズム | 署名・暗号文 |
|---|---|
| ML-KEM-768 | 1,088 B |
| X25519 | 32 B |
公開鍵と暗号文の合計は X25519 の 35.5 倍です。 従来型アルゴリズムのサイズは生のエンコーディングでの値です。EC の点は非圧縮形式、ECDSA は r‖s、RSA-2048 は PKCS #1 形式の鍵です。
- FIPS 203（2024年8月）で標準化されました。導入すべき KEM であり、TLS、SSH、HPKE ではすでに使い方が規定されています。
このデバイスで計測
鍵生成とカプセル化・デカプセル化をバックグラウンドのワーカーで実行し（1 操作あたり最大で約 3 秒）、比較のために X25519 でも同じ操作を実行します。すべての結果を検証するため、正しく動作しないビルドが、速いだけで誤った数値を報告することはありません。
103 種類のアルゴリズム（全 103 種類）
| アルゴリズム | ファミリー | ステータス | レベル | 公開鍵 | 秘密鍵 | 署名・暗号文 | 鍵 + 出力（対数スケール） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 1 | 32 B | 64 B | 17,088 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 1 | 32 B | 64 B | 7,856 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 1 | 32 B | 64 B | 17,088 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 1 | 32 B | 64 B | 7,856 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 3 | 48 B | 96 B | 35,664 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 3 | 48 B | 96 B | 16,224 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 3 | 48 B | 96 B | 35,664 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 3 | 48 B | 96 B | 16,224 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 1 | 54 B | 32 B | 9,120 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 1 | 54 B | 32 B | 11,980 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 1 | 54 B | 32 B | 8,960 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 5 | 64 B | 128 B | 49,856 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 5 | 64 B | 128 B | 29,792 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 5 | 64 B | 128 B | 49,856 B | ||
| SLH-DSA | NIST 標準 | 5 | 64 B | 128 B | 29,792 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 1 | 77 B | 32 B | 13,152 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 1 | 77 B | 32 B | 18,432 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 1 | 77 B | 32 B | 12,432 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 3 | 83 B | 48 B | 22,464 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 3 | 83 B | 48 B | 26,772 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 3 | 83 B | 48 B | 20,452 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 5 | 106 B | 64 B | 40,100 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 5 | 106 B | 64 B | 48,102 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 5 | 106 B | 64 B | 36,454 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 3 | 115 B | 48 B | 29,853 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 3 | 115 B | 48 B | 41,406 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 3 | 115 B | 48 B | 28,391 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 5 | 153 B | 64 B | 53,527 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 5 | 153 B | 64 B | 74,590 B | ||
| CROSS | NIST 候補 | 5 | 153 B | 64 B | 50,818 B | ||
| NTRU | NIST では不採用 | 1 | 699 B | 935 B | 699 B | ||
| CRYSTALS-Kyber | 置き換え済み | 1 | 800 B | 1,632 B | 768 B | ||
| ML-KEM | NIST 標準 | 1 | 800 B | 1,632 B | 768 B | ||
| Falcon | NIST が選定、標準化作業中 | 1 | 897 B | 1,281 B | 最大 752 B | ||
| Falcon | NIST が選定、標準化作業中 | 1 | 897 B | 1,281 B | 666 B | ||
| NTRU | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 930 B | 1,234 B | 930 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 1 | 1,016 B | 48 B | 248 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 1 | 1,016 B | 48 B | 248 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 1 | 1,016 B | 36,848 B | 248 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 1 | 1,016 B | 36,848 B | 248 B | ||
| NTRU | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 1,138 B | 1,450 B | 1,138 B | ||
| Streamlined NTRU Prime | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 1,158 B | 1,763 B | 1,039 B | ||
| CRYSTALS-Kyber | 置き換え済み | 3 | 1,184 B | 2,400 B | 1,088 B | ||
| ML-KEM | NIST 標準 | 3 | 1,184 B | 2,400 B | 1,088 B | ||
| NTRU | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 1,230 B | 1,590 B | 1,230 B | ||
| ML-DSA | NIST 標準 | 2 | 1,312 B | 2,560 B | 2,420 B | ||
| MAYO | NIST 候補 | 1 | 1,420 B | 24 B | 454 B | ||
| CRYSTALS-Kyber | 置き換え済み | 5 | 1,568 B | 3,168 B | 1,568 B | ||
| ML-KEM | NIST 標準 | 5 | 1,568 B | 3,168 B | 1,568 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 1 | 1,579 B | 48 B | 379 B | ||
| Falcon | NIST が選定、標準化作業中 | 5 | 1,793 B | 2,305 B | 最大 1,462 B | ||
| Falcon | NIST が選定、標準化作業中 | 5 | 1,793 B | 2,305 B | 1,280 B | ||
| NTRU | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 1,842 B | 2,366 B | 1,842 B | ||
| ML-DSA | NIST 標準 | 3 | 1,952 B | 4,032 B | 3,309 B | ||
| HQC | NIST が選定、標準化作業中 | 1 | 2,249 B | 2,305 B | 4,433 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 1 | 2,320 B | 48 B | 165 B | ||
| NTRU | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 2,401 B | 2,983 B | 2,401 B | ||
| ML-DSA | NIST 標準 | 5 | 2,592 B | 4,896 B | 4,627 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 3 | 2,716 B | 48 B | 454 B | ||
| MAYO | NIST 候補 | 3 | 2,986 B | 32 B | 681 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 3 | 4,112 B | 48 B | 376 B | ||
| HQC | NIST が選定、標準化作業中 | 3 | 4,522 B | 4,586 B | 8,978 B | ||
| MAYO | NIST 候補 | 1 | 4,912 B | 24 B | 186 B | ||
| MAYO | NIST 候補 | 5 | 5,554 B | 40 B | 964 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 5 | 6,006 B | 48 B | 286 B | ||
| HQC | NIST が選定、標準化作業中 | 5 | 7,245 B | 7,317 B | 14,421 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 5 | 8,016 B | 48 B | 576 B | ||
| FrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 1 | 9,616 B | 19,888 B | 9,752 B | ||
| FrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 1 | 9,616 B | 19,888 B | 9,752 B | ||
| eFrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 1 | 9,616 B | 19,888 B | 9,720 B | ||
| eFrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 1 | 9,616 B | 19,888 B | 9,720 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 3 | 9,842 B | 48 B | 124 B | ||
| FrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 15,632 B | 31,296 B | 15,792 B | ||
| FrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 15,632 B | 31,296 B | 15,792 B | ||
| eFrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 15,632 B | 31,296 B | 15,744 B | ||
| eFrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 15,632 B | 31,296 B | 15,744 B | ||
| FrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 21,520 B | 43,088 B | 21,696 B | ||
| FrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 21,520 B | 43,088 B | 21,696 B | ||
| eFrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 21,520 B | 43,088 B | 21,632 B | ||
| eFrodoKEM | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 21,520 B | 43,088 B | 21,632 B | ||
| SNOVA | NIST 候補 | 5 | 31,266 B | 48 B | 178 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 1 | 43,576 B | 237,896 B | 128 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 1 | 43,576 B | 32 B | 128 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 1 | 66,576 B | 348,704 B | 96 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 1 | 66,576 B | 32 B | 96 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 3 | 189,232 B | 1,044,320 B | 200 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 3 | 189,232 B | 32 B | 200 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 1 | 261,120 B | 6,492 B | 96 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 1 | 261,120 B | 6,492 B | 96 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 1 | 278,432 B | 237,896 B | 128 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 1 | 412,160 B | 348,704 B | 96 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 5 | 446,992 B | 2,436,704 B | 260 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 5 | 446,992 B | 32 B | 260 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 524,160 B | 13,608 B | 156 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 3 | 524,160 B | 13,608 B | 156 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 1,044,992 B | 13,932 B | 208 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 1,044,992 B | 13,932 B | 208 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 1,047,319 B | 13,948 B | 194 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 1,047,319 B | 13,948 B | 194 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 3 | 1,225,440 B | 1,044,320 B | 200 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 1,357,824 B | 14,120 B | 208 B | ||
| Classic McEliece | NIST では不採用 | 5 | 1,357,824 B | 14,120 B | 208 B | ||
| UOV | NIST 候補 | 5 | 2,869,440 B | 2,436,704 B | 260 B |
What is in the zoo
The zoo lists every key encapsulation mechanism and signature scheme of
liboqs 0.15.1, the C library of the Open Quantum Safe project, as packaged for the web by
@oqs/liboqs-js: 103 parameter sets in 15 families. For each one you see the sizes that decide whether it fits
a protocol — public key, private key, signature or ciphertext — its NIST security level, the hard problem it
rests on, and how far it has come in standardization. Pick any of them and the lab measures it on your own device
against the classical algorithm it would replace.
Where each family stands
The status column follows NIST's post-quantum project as of 20 October 2026:
- Standards. ML-KEM (FIPS 203), ML-DSA (FIPS 204) and SLH-DSA (FIPS 205), final since August 2024. These are the algorithms to deploy, and the ones TLS, X.509, JOSE and HPKE now define.
- Selected, standard in preparation. Falcon, which NIST is turning into FN-DSA (FIPS 206, not final yet; liboqs still ships round-3 Falcon, which FN-DSA will not match byte for byte), and HQC, the code-based KEM NIST picked in March 2025 (NIST IR 8545) as a backup resting on a different problem than ML-KEM.
- Candidates. MAYO, UOV, SNOVA and CROSS are in NIST's process for additional signatures, which looks for schemes with short signatures or assumptions other than lattices. None is a standard; their parameters may still change.
- Not selected. Classic McEliece, FrodoKEM, NTRU and Streamlined NTRU Prime were evaluated and not
chosen by NIST. That is not a verdict of insecurity: Germany's BSI recommends FrodoKEM and Classic McEliece for
conservative deployments, both are part of an ISO/IEC 18033-2 amendment, and OpenSSH used
sntrup761x25519-sha512before it moved to ML-KEM. - Superseded. CRYSTALS-Kyber as submitted to round 3. FIPS 203 changed it, so Kyber and ML-KEM do not interoperate; liboqs keeps it for existing deployments.
Sizes first
For most systems the bytes matter more than the microseconds. A TLS handshake with X25519MLKEM768 carries 2,336 bytes for the key exchange instead of 64; an ML-DSA-65 signature is 3,309 bytes against 64 for Ed25519. The families spread over four orders of magnitude: UOV signatures start at 96 bytes, with public keys of up to 2.8 MB, Classic McEliece ciphertexts are under 210 bytes with public keys of up to 1.3 MB, and SLH-DSA keys are 32 to 64 bytes with signatures of up to 49,856. The table's last column puts public key plus signature or ciphertext on a logarithmic scale, the only one on which all of them fit. Sort by it to find the smallest exchange of each kind.
How the benchmark measures
Measuring downloads one liboqs module from this site — JavaScript with the WebAssembly embedded, about 18 to 55 KB
when compressed — and runs it in a Web Worker, so the page stays responsive even while Classic McEliece generates a
megabyte-sized key. For each operation the runner first calibrates a batch: how many operations it takes to
last at least 5 milliseconds, because browsers coarsen performance.now() to 0.1 ms on pages that are not
cross-origin isolated. It then times eleven batches and reports the median per operation, within a budget of
three seconds per operation, so the slowest sets report fewer samples and say so.
Every result is checked while it is measured: each signature must verify, a tampered signature must not, and each decapsulation must recover the encapsulated secret. A miscompiled module cannot report a fast but wrong number. The sizes the module produces are compared with the registry too.
The classical baselines run the same way, through WebCrypto (the browser's native implementation) or through
the @noble/curves JavaScript library: ECDSA P-256 and Ed25519 for signatures, X25519 for key
encapsulation, used as a KEM by sending a fresh ephemeral public key. Where the browser's WebCrypto lacks Ed25519
or X25519, the JavaScript version stands in and the page says so.
What stays local
The zoo takes no input of yours: keys are generated inside the worker for the measurement and discarded. The modules come from this site, and neither your device's details nor the results are sent anywhere. A share link records only the selected algorithm and the filters.
From the zoo to the standards
To use the standardized algorithms rather than time them, the post-quantum signature lab signs and verifies ML-DSA, SLH-DSA and Falcon with every FIPS option, and the ML-KEM lab runs the TLS hybrids. FN-DSA vs ML-DSA and ML-DSA vs SLH-DSA weigh the signature families against each other, and Post-quantum migration in 2026 explains which deadlines apply.