EV certificates carry the CA/Browser Forum OID 2.23.140.1.1 (plus the CA's own EV policy OID) and subject fields such as businessCategory, jurisdictionCountryName and serialNumber (the company registration number). Validation includes checks with the incorporating agency, verification of the requester's authority and a final cross-check by a second person.
The green address bar with the company name is gone: Safari removed it in 2018, and Chrome 77 and Firefox 70 moved EV details into the page-info panel in 2019, after studies showed users did not change behavior because of it. EV still has niche uses, for example in some payment and banking compliance regimes. Code-signing EV certificates are a separate product with their own requirements.